A1C, or glycated hemoglobin, is a blood test that reflects average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months. It is often used to diagnose and monitor diabetes. The test measures the percentage of hemoglobin—the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells—that has glucose (sugar) attached to it.

When blood sugar levels are elevated, more glucose binds to hemoglobin, leading to a higher A1C level. The results are expressed as a percentage, with higher percentages indicating higher average blood sugar levels.

For people without diabetes, the normal range for A1C is typically below 5.7%. An A1C level between 5.7% and 6.4% may indicate prediabetes, while an A1C level of 6.5% or higher is often used to diagnose diabetes.

A1C testing is valuable for managing diabetes because it provides a longer-term view of blood sugar control compared to daily glucose monitoring. Healthcare professionals use A1C results to assess the effectiveness of diabetes treatment plans and make adjustments as needed. Regular monitoring of A1C levels is an important part of diabetes management.

Diabetes is a chronic medical condition that occurs when the body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar (glucose) levels. Glucose is the main source of energy for the cells in the body, and its levels are typically controlled by the hormone insulin. There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes.

Type 1 Diabetes:

Cause: It is an autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.

Onset: Usually occurs in childhood or adolescence.

Treatment: Requires lifelong insulin therapy through injections or an insulin pump.

Type 2 Diabetes:

Results from insulin resistance, where the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin, and the pancreas may not produce enough insulin to compensate.

Onset: Typically develops in adulthood, but it can occur at any age.

Treatment: Initially managed through lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise, and medications may be prescribed. In some cases, insulin may also be required.

Symptoms of Diabetes:

Excessive thirst and hunger

Frequent urination

Fatigue

Unexplained weight loss

Slow healing of wounds

Blurred vision

Tingling or numbness in the extremities

Complications of Diabetes:

Cardiovascular problems

Kidney damage (diabetic nephropathy)

Eye damage (diabetic retinopathy)

Nerve damage (diabetic neuropathy)

Foot problems

Skin conditions

Increased risk of infections

Management and Prevention:

Healthy Lifestyle: Regular exercise and a balanced diet are crucial for managing diabetes.

Medication: Depending on the type and severity, medications such as insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, or other injectable drugs may be prescribed.

Regular Monitoring: Regular blood sugar monitoring is essential for managing diabetes effectively.

Education: People with diabetes should be educated about the condition, its management, and the importance of consistent self-care.

It’s important for individuals with diabetes to work closely with healthcare professionals to develop a personalized management plan that suits their specific needs and lifestyle. Regular medical check-ups and adherence to the prescribed treatment plan are crucial for preventing complications and maintaining overall health.

• This discussion was modified 8 months, 1 week ago by  Gustan Cho.

What diet would you recommend to lose weight? Fruits, vegetables, salads, fish, nuts, or non-meat products? What type of exercise would be effective to burn calories and fat for someone with a heavy workload? Is there a simple workout program for adults or those who are older. I know the older you get the harder it is to lose weight. What triggers metabolism and not too difficult for people with a heavy appetite.